d.+The+evolution+of+cubism

=** The evolution of cubism **= You must explain the dominant role of cubism in the modern era.
 * Begin with Cezanne and his theories of space and structure and how colour played a key role. Mention the foundation statement that "nature can be interpreted using the sphere, cone and cylinder" and how this was exemplified through his brushwork and composition.
 * Follow with Picasso and his landmark painting "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" and how it makes visible the evolution of cubism from left to right. Elaborate of the use of planes or 'faceting' of form and the concept of multiple viewpoints.
 * Elaborate on the three stage development of cubism mentioning other artists such as Braque. In this explain the concept of flat space and forms building out from the picture plane as opposed to the tradition of depth (perspective) in representational painting.

Your Task:
 * 1) Press edit above
 * 2) Copy or type the first paragraph of your argument under your name following the instructions above.

B. Liam Cubism played a major role in the creation of abstract sculpting due to its large influences on many artists and art styles. Cubism was an art movement first created and instigated by Paul Cézanne and Paul Gauguin in the late 19th and early 20th century. "Both of these (those) artists were particularly influential to the formation of Cubism and especially important to the paintings of Picasso during 1906 and 1907"( Cooper, 20-27). Paul Cezanne in particular was considered to be the link between 19th century art styles and influences such as Futurism and Orphism and 20th century cubism. Cezanne strongly believed that art should not copy nature but instead parallel it. Cubism went against the traditional philosophy of art that it should replicate nature and instead they painted their objects from multiple viewpoints at once. Cubist painters also reverted their subject back to basic shapes such as the cone and circle. Many artists were influenced by Cezanne and cubism such as Pablo Picasso who went on to pioneer cubism and produce such works as the //Demoiselles d’Avignon//.

Liam Gauguin had little to do with cubism. Cezanne didn't start cubism but his ideas inspired it. What about the stages of cubism? Good otherwise.

B. DanielThere were three basic types of cubism; primitive cubism, analytical cubism and synthetic cubism. Primitive cubism began in 1907 and went 1908. At this time Picasso created his Les Demoiselles d’Avignon which shows human figures by making use of several viewpoints, a characteristic feature of Cubism. This work was inspired by African art, another influencing factor contributing to the changes in art and sculpture. Analytical cubism lasted from 1908 until 1911 and was characterised by ‘monochrome, unemotional paintings of uneventful events.’ Paintings at this time were commonly faceted where the artist breaks up the subject and reconstructs it so that the essence is seen rather than the real image. This technique was developed by Georges Braques. The techniques used by Picasso and Barques influenced the pure abstract art that followed Cubism called Suprematism. Synthetic cubism began in 1912 and continued to the 1920’s. Artists at this time used more colours and pictures became more realistic but were still based on geometric shapes. Artists used images from many views that would not be possible in real life. The artwork that was characteristic of the Cubist movement soon inspired other artists and sculptors of the time for example Umberto Boccioni, Henri Laurens and Alexander Archipenko.

Daniel fact cubism came first.What about Cezanne? Good otherwise.

C. Andrew There were other art movements that moved on from futurism such as Orphism and Constructivism. These art movements also it can be said owe their existence to Cubism as it was one of the first art movements to change the traditional way of showing art and using different shapes to allow the viewer to interpret what the artist meant by his or her work. Boccioni was one of the most well known and respected sculptors of his time as he took his knowledge from how cubist artists worked and implemented those strategies into his later work. His artwork is mainly cubist in its design as it revolves around simple shapes and it is meant for the work to be interpreted differently by each person who looks at it. The beauty of this form of art is that it is after some other technology had been developed and this allows for more interesting topics and this helps to make it more interesting for those who are uneducated in deciphering art. Cubism was first brought into the artistic picture of the 1900’s when Pablo Picasso first painted the damsels of Avignon which goes from a realistic image on the left to increasingly abstract on the right hand side showing the development of the picture and the differences between realism and abstract art.

Andrew, you haven't mentioned Cezanne and his influencial theories. You need to explain the key role played by the Demoiselles d'Avignon and the faceting of the figures.

C. Jack The cubist origins began with the spacious mind of Paul Cezanne and his paintings. This is represented through his definitive brush strokes, panes of colour and small brush strokes. He is highly regarded by the other artists as said by Matisse and Picasso "Cezanne is the father of us all,". He demonstrates his expertise through his paintings of nature and how he composed many artworks with simple shapes. This idea is expressed in his comment "nature can be interpreted using the sphere, cone and cylinder."

Jack, now lead on to Picasso and Demoisselles d'Avignon and it's deconstruction of form. Then lead on to cubism and its many forms.

D. Jake
 * Cubist art began with Paul Cezanne and his obsession with space and the way objects are viewed through obscure angles. Pablo Picasso followed on with Cézannes work and through his painting ** ** Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ting revolutionised the Cubist movement. Along with Pablo Picasso and Cezanne Georges Braque helped revolutionise Cubism through the different forms he and Pablo Created such as Analytical Cubism and Synthetic Cubism which brought a new depth and colour to the art form and truly revolutionised this modern day movement. **

Jake elaborate on these a little more. Go into some depth that reflects your research.

S. Daniel Paul Cezanne was the first painter to use the new cubist method of painting. He stated “Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone and the cylinder.” This idea formed the foundation for the Cubist movement. Picasso in 1906 started to undertake cubism inspired by Cezanne’s depiction of space. He created some revolutionary paintings such as the “Demoiselles d'Avignon” which depicts women, to the left side and less human more geometric shapes as it moves to the right side of the painting. After Picasso’s interpretation of cubism many other artists such as Umberto Boccioni and Georges Braque followed with their versions of cubist artwork. Other types of art styles arose from cubism, Orphism and Futurism were the major movements. Cubism was the first real Abstract art style and it influenced sculptors to make abstract sculptures bases on the Cubist simple shapes and techniques.

Daniel, Cezanne didn't call it cubism. His theories influenced Picasso and others.Otherwise good.

S. Gavin Picasso had changed cubism, from strictly disciplined to freedom willed. These days the word cubism means more than what it meant 20 years ago. Analytic Cubism breaks up natural objects followed later was synthetic cubism

Gavin, do some research that responds to the points listed above. You need effective points of information.

S. Hamish When Paul Cezanne experimented with the technique of “interpreting nature in terms of the cylinder, sphere and cone” he had lighted the spark of what would become one of the most significant changes in art since the Renaissance. Cezanne used a relatively large square headed brush to highlight the separate facets in his paintings to accentuate his theory. This technique of faceting was further developed by Pablo Picasso’s ‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’. In this painting Picasso uses the most faceting form in any painting so far as well as a gradual descent into heavier abstraction from left to right, he creates a sense of multiple view points (which is how he painted it) so that there are shapes that appear in unusual places and composition yet Picasso still keeps the painting flowing through his excellent technique, almost scientific in its simplicity but as we know from science a thing that appears to be simple can be deceptively complex and with this painting instead of complexity there is beauty in its place.

Hamish a very good paragraph. You could add some information about the stages of cubism and its influences on abstract art.

T. Grant Paul Cezanne had very spacious mind in which made him one of the creatures or founders of cubist artwork. This can be represented through his brush strokes, colours which a placed on the painting with small brush strokes. He is regarded by other artists as said by Picasso “Cezanne is the of us all.” He demonstrates his skill with his nature of paintings which are composed or made up of simple shapes such as circles, triangles and squares. This though can be demonstrated as he said “nature can be interpreted using the sphere, cone and cylinder"

Grant this makes little sense. Refer to the directions above and engage in some research to develop your argument.

T. Nick -Cubism was influential in the development of abstract sculpting. Cubism first appeared in the early 20th centuries. Cezanne used two basic geometric shapes, the cone and circle, to portray nature from different viewpoints simultaneously as apposed to using techniques such as depth and shading. In many ways, Paul Cezanne is seen as the link between Futurism and Orphism, which preceded Cubist painting, to Cubism itself. Cezanne went on to inspire one of the world's most famous artists, Pablo Picasso, who defined the boundaries of Cubism in his painting the "Demoiselles d'Avignon". Picasso is now considered the founder of modern-day Cubist art.

Nick, you are confusing many of the steps in the development. Do some more research to clarify what happened. Elborate on cubism and its stages.

B Bill Cubism was one of the main reasons for the development of abstract art because of its major influences on the artists of the era.Alexander Archipenko was one of the main artists that was influenced by cubism as well as Paul Cezanne. Cezanne had used small brush strokes creating all different styles of painting.Cubism mainly recolves around the 3d shapes and objects.From the many influential artists back in the day cubism has changed the way how artists paint today.

Bill, you need to explain Cezanne and his theories in some detail. Then move on to Picasso and Demoiselles d'Avignon. Then on to the stages of cubism and the influence on modern art.

Z. G. Tom The development of cubism was very different .... This different approach to art was......................., which then in turn created the abstract style of art. The main influences on cubism art were Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and Marcel Duchamp. Cubism was first developed in Paris, France during 1907 and is still making its mark on the world today. Cubism focuses on the aspects of 3-D shapes while umm derr painting and sculpting objects. What made cubism so different from classical art was the way painters rejected the concept that art should copy nature, or that they should adopt the traditional techniques of perspective, instead they used spheres, cylinders and cubes to draw new abstract artworks. (Rewald, 2000)

Tom, the last line is okay but there are major problems with the rest. Don't mention classical art it's irrelevant. Clarify what Cezanne contributed. Then explore his theories. Then go on to Picasso's contributionand how it resonated throughout the first 50 years of the 20th century.

Z. L. Connor Cubism was the most radical artistic revolution since the Renaissance. It was the French Post-Impressionist artist, Paul Cézanne who bridged the transition between 19th century Impressionism and the early 20th century’s line of Cubism. He used colour with passion and creativity, giving his bush strokes structure, solidity and durability to create, in his own words, “something more solid and durable, like the art of the museums”. He depicted scenery as an arrangement of flat planes without emphasizing spatial depth. In 1904 Cézanne expressed the following “All natural forms can be reduced to spheres, cones and cylinders. One must begin with these simple basic elements, and then one will be able to make everything that one wants. One must not reproduce nature, but represent it: but by what means? By means of formative coloured equivalents.” These theories were adopted by the famous artist Picasso who stressed, ”What Cézanne did with reality was much more progressive than the stem engine”. Together with Braque, Picasso shaped Cubism in its initial Facet phase (1906–1909) which featured planes and facets. Picasso’s landmark painting **Les Demoiselles d’Avignon** laid the cornerstone for the first revolution in 20th century art. Picasso used faceting of forms or ”three-dimensionality of the female nudes and the space they move in fragment into a two-dimensional type of ornamentation, and united different perspective simultaneously”. The illusion of space and plasticity took second place to the question of the representation and structuring of forms. The Analytical stage of cubism (1909-1912) featured two main stylistic elements. Firstly, the distillation of natural forms into simplistic geometric parts. Secondly, the reproduction of images from different viewpoints in a monochromatic as depicted in Braque’s 1911 **Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on a mantelpiece,** 1911**.** Works in the third stage, known as Synthetic cubism (1912-1914) emphasised the combination, or synthesis, of forms in the picture. Colour was extremely important in the pieces' shapes because they become larger and more decorative. Smooth and rough surfaces were contrasted with one another; and frequently non-painted objects such as newspapers or tobacco wrappers, were pasted on the canvas in combination with painted areas. The collage technique emphasised the differences in texture and posed the question of what is reality and what is illusion in paintings, as depicted in Picassos’ **Glass and Bottle Suze,** 1912. Although the war of 1914-19 ended Picasso and Braque's collaboration, the cubist core group remained active until the 1920s, through the explorations of Gris, Fernand Léger, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Roger de la Fresnaye, Matisse, Laurens, and Jean Metzinger, whose geometric world and abstractly organised canvases with their contrasting, dynamic forms owed almost everything to the pioneering breakthroughs of Cézanne, Braque and Picasso. Other art movements influenced by Cubism were Futurism, Orphism, Plasticism, Constructivism, Neo, Purism and to some degree, Expressionism.

Great Connor. You need to refine this to reduce the word length. You need to about halve the number of words though retain the essential information. Well done!

Z. P. Alex Cubism was a inspiration to other art types such as Futurism and Suprematism. Cezanne was one of the greatest Cubism artists, he always had new ideas to test, such as new brush strokes. He also took many of his ideas from other pictures and sculptures he had seen.These were based on 3d shapes. There were many other great cubism artists but Cezanne was the founder, the master of the art. Other people allaberated on his masterpeices, like Pable Picasso and Marcel Duchamp. These men also created masterpeices like the Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, This painting provoked other artists to change to cubism. Cubism changed the way artists thaught and there veiw towards art to this day.

Alex, some of this is nonsense. Cezanne was a Post impressionist and his theories influenced cubism. Picasso picked up on Cezanne's faceting (planes) but he did the painting by himself. Then go on and elaborate on the stages of cubism.

Z. P. Stephen   Cezanne believed that nature can be interpreted through the use of spheres, circles and cylinders; these were essential in the creation of many of Cezanne’s works. Such techniques were predominating in the Analytical cubism era that dates to about 1910. One such work was “ Bridge at Maincy” (left). As can be seen in the picture, Cezanne has used solid colours and simple geometric lines, angle and shapes to create an almost three dimensional painting. //“All his art could boil down to this effort to reduce the distance between the exterior and the interior, between the matter and the form, between his painter's subjectivity and the outside nature.”// This quote proves how Cezanne composes his art through his techniques that draw the audience in to his work. “ Les Demoiselles d'Avignon” was one of Picasso’s most famous pieces of artwork. This piece of artwork is a good of example of how cubist artist were influenced by the outside world. The three women on the left were influenced by Cezanne, while the two women on the right were eligibly influenced by an art exhibition of African masks that was going on in the Musée de l'Homme during 1907. A major technique used in this picture is faceting. Faceting is unique to cubism and allows for the artist to use multiple view points. In 1907 with the help of his good acquaintance Georges Braque, Picasso created Cubism. Analytical Cubism was the first stage of this period. Analytical Cubism stated in 1910 and was made up of the painting being divided into basic individual geometric shapes that were then transposed by the artist into a two dimensional picture. The next period was Synthetic cubism. Picasso made this movement known when he pasted a piece of canvas on to his art work; he was integrating the real world into the art. Most of the paintings were also monochromatic. Cubism was far from the traditional works of this period due to the fact that instead of using depth and perspective, cubism used flat planes and built the picture out of the painting

Very good Stephen. You need to emphasise the development of cubism through this paragraph. The information needs to be applied to the argument.

__.__    Z. S. Aka Early Cubism was introduced by Cezanne. He believed that nature was interpreted by the use of solid shapes like “cones and cubes.” The first artist that was inspired by the notion of cubism was Pablo Picasso. He was a very talented artist since a very young age he was a child prodigy. [He] had developed Cubism into an entirely new means of pictorial expression”(Artchive,N/A) Picasso started his first movement towards abstract paintings in 1907. It was labelled Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. It’s a picture of five nude women in a brothel standing in Avignon St in Barcelona. What made this painting famous was its faceted in-depth design. This really brought out the notion of the use of “cubes and cones.” Picasso also tried to express a three dimensional picture rather than keeping it two dimensional. The women signified fruit that tempted the onlooking men from the street. The left hand side of the painting is lighter and more soft it was inspired Cézanne; the right side was influenced by African masks. These women were shown from every angle, further

Good Aka. Keep going and explain the development of the stages of cubism and how it resonated throughout the first half of the 20th century.

Z. S. Archie Paul Cezanne, a post impressionist painter claimed that the underlying forms of nature are “the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone”. He gave up his early impressionist style for the study of nature around 1862 when he moved to Paris and started using glowing colours. He constructed his paintings from a rhythmic series of planes and became a pioneer of Cubism. Picasso called him ‘the father of us all’, but his work only received recognition in the last years of his life. Cezanne created a number of paintings using the theme of the bathers. ‘//Large Bathers’// is one of the most famous ones and is kept in the Philadelphia Museum of Art. This painting shows blockish, angular bodies of nude bathers under arching trees in the shape of a triangle. His paintings became an inspiration for Pablo Picasso. Pablo Picasso, created ‘Les Demoiselles d’Avignon’ in 1906, the year that Cezanne died. This work is known as the first creation of analytical Cubism. The figures are angular and disjointed with harsh blue spaces between them. The painting is supposed to be that of five prostitutes. The eyes on all the figures are the focus and seem to tell a story. This painting was revolutionary in changing the style of art in Europe from realistic paintings with depth to a two dimensional flat plane. In this style, flat space was used as well as forms that were built out from the picture plane, contrasting greatly with the traditional perspective in representational painting. From this point onwards Picasso worked with Braque, and the two of them are known as the founders of Cubism. Both Picasso and Braque used brownish and neutral colours and depicted objects in terms of their shapes. Works of both these artists were very similar. Later however, Braque went on to develop his own style of art after World War I. His style moved from geometric shapes to non-geometric shapes and a semi-abstract style.

Excellent Archie.